Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) resources:

  1. Conner J.M. et. Al. “NGF Is Essential for Hippocampal Plasticity and Learning” The Journal of Neuroscience 2 September 2009, 29(35): 10883-10889 (source)

  2. Lai P.L., Naidu M., Sabaratnam V., Wong K.H., David R.P., Kuppusamy U.R., Abdullah N., Malek S.N. “Neurotrophic properties of the Lion’s mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia.” International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 2013;15(6):539-54. (source)

  3. Nagano M., Shimizu K., Kondo R., Hayashi C., Sato D., Kitagawa K., Ohnuki K. “Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake.” Biomedical Research. 2010 Aug;31(4):231-7. (source)

  4. Kawagishi H., et. Al. “Erinacines A, B and C, strong stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis, from the mycelia of Hericium erinaceum” Tetrahedron Letters Volume 35, Issue 10, 7 March 1994, Pages 1569–1572 (source)

  5. Mori K., Inatomi S., Ouchi K., Azumi Y., Tuchida T. “Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.”Phytotherapy Research. 2009 Mar;23(3):367-72. (source)

  6. Mori K., et. Al. “Nerve Growth Factor-Inducing Activity of Hericium erinaceus in 1321N1 Human Astrocytoma Cells” Biology Pharmaceutical Bulletin September 2008 31(9) 1727—1732 (2008) (source)

  7. Wong K.H., Naidu M., David P., Abdulla M.A., Abdullah N., Kuppusamy U.R., Sabaratnam V. “Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Following Crush Injury to Rat Peroneal Nerve by Aqueous Extract of Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae).” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011;2011:580752. (source)

Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi) resources:

  1. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition.Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi or reishi) a medicinal mushroom.

  2. Archives of Pharmacal Research.Antimicrobial activity of Ganoderma lucidum extract alone and in combination with some antibiotics.

  3. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.Antiherpetic activities of acidic protein bound polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma lucidum alone and in combinations with interferons.

  4. Phytochemistry. Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1-protease substances from Ganoderma lucidum.

  5. Biotechnology Letters. Anti-hepatitis B activities of ganoderic acid from Ganoderma lucidum.

  6. Carbohydrate Research. Structural and immunological studies of a major polysaccharide from spores of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst.

  7. International Journal of Cancer. The anti-tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes.

  8. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. A phase I/II study of ling zhi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) extract in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.

  9. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. A phase I/II study of a Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. extract (Ganopofy) in patients with advanced cancer.

  10. Immunological Investigations. Effects of ganopoly (a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract) on the immune functions in advanced-stage cancer patients.

  11. Carbohydrate Polymers.Characteristics and antifatigue activity of graded polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum separated by cascade membrane technology.

  12. Journal of Medicinal Foods. A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract in neurasthenia.

  13. Pharmaceutical Biology. The beneficial effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk.

  14. Molecules. Antitumour, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase effect of Ganoderma lucidum terpenoids and polysaccharides: a review.

  15. Cureus. Ganoderma lingzhi (reishi mushroom)-induced acute liver injury in the setting of alcohol use: a case report and review of the literature.

  16. Integrative Cancer Therapy. Preliminary efficacy and safety of reishi & privet formula on quality of life among non–small cell lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

  17. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand Fatal fulminant hepatitis associated with Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi) mushroom powder.

  18. The British Journal of Nutrition.Ganoderma lucidum ("lingzhi"), a Chinese medicinal mushroom: biomarker responses in a controlled human supplementation study.

Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor) resources:

  1. National Cancer Institute. Medicinal mushrooms (PDQ®)–health professional version.

  2. Kıvrak I, Kivrak S, Karababa E. Assessment of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of turkey tail medicinal mushroom trametes versicolor (agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms. 2020;22(6):559-571. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2020035027

  3. Claus-Desbonnet H, Nikly E, Nalbantova V, et al. Polysaccharides and their derivatives as potential antiviral molecules. Viruses. 2022;14(2):426. doi:10.3390/v14020426

  4. Benson KF, Stamets P, Davis R, et al. The mycelium of the trametes versicolor (turkey tail) mushroom and its fermented substrate each show potent and complementary immune activating properties in vitro. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19(1):342. doi:10.1186/s12906-019-2681-7

  5. Sekhon BK, Sze DM, Chan WK, et al. PSP activates monocytes in resting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: immunomodulatory implications for cancer treatment. Food Chem. 2013;138(4):2201-2209. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.009

  6. Maehara Y, Tsujitani S, Saeki H, et al.Biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide K (KRESTIN(®)): review of development and future perspectives. Surg Today. 2012;42(1):8-28. doi:10.1007/s00595-011-0075-7

  7. Eliza WL, Fai CK, Chung LP. Efficacy of yun zhi (coriolus versicolor) on survival in cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2012;6(1):78-87. doi:10.2174/187221312798889310

  8. National Cancer Institute. Medicinal mushrooms (PDQ®)–health professional version.

  9. Rinninella E, Raoul P, Cintoni M, et al. What is the healthy gut microbiota composition? a changing ecosystem across age, environment, diet, and diseases. Microorganisms. 2019;7(1):14. doi:10.3390/microorganisms7010014

  10. Pallav K, Dowd SE, Villafuerte J, et al. Effects of polysaccharopeptide from trametes versicolor and amoxicillin on the gut microbiome of healthy volunteers: a randomized clinical trial. Gut Microbes. 2014;5(4):458-467. doi:10.4161/gmic.29558

  11. Yu ZT, Liu B, Mukherjee P, et al. Trametes versicolor extract modifies human fecal microbiota composition in vitro. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2013;68(2):107-112. doi:10.1007/s11130-013-0342-4

  12. Ho CS, Tung YT, Kung WM, et al. Effect of coriolus versicolor mycelia extract on exercise performance and physical fatigue in mice. Int J Med Sci. 2017;14(11):1110-1117. doi:10.7150/ijms.20547

  13. Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation. Turkey tail mushroom.

  14. Xian HM, Che H, Qin Y, et al. Coriolus versicolor aqueous extract ameliorates insulin resistance with PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways involved in diabetic skeletal muscle. Phytother Res. 2018;32(3):551-560. doi:10.1002/ptr.6007

  15. Lo HC, Hsu TH, Lee CH. Extracellular polysaccharopeptides from fermented turkey tail medicinal mushroom, trametes versicolor (agaricomycetes), mitigate oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2020;22(5):417-429. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2020034560

  16. Fritz H, Kennedy DA, Ishii M, et al. Polysaccharide K and coriolus versicolor extracts for lung cancer: a systematic review. Integr Cancer Ther. 2015;14(3):201-211. doi:10.1177/1534735415572883

  17. Susan G. Komen. Coriolus mushroom.

  18. Sarikurkcu C, Yildiz D, Akata I, et al. Evaluation of the metal concentrations of wild mushroom species with their health risk assessments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(17):21437-21454. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11685-0